A directory of where to buy chemicals in the USA, including: distributors, industrial manufacturers, bulk supplies and wholesalers of raw ingredients & finished goods.
Oil dispersible upconverting nanoparticles (UV light). Uses: Up conversion noparticles have excellent optical stability. they have been widely applied in biomedicine, including in vivo bioimaging, in vivo bioimaging, biodetection, immunohistochemistry, microarray detection, photodymic therapy, and photoactivated drug activation. Group: Oil dispersible upconverting nanoparticles. Pack Sizes: 50 mg.
Oil Dispersible Upconverting Nanoparticles(yellow-green light). Uses: Up conversion noparticles have excellent optical stability. they have been widely applied in biomedicine, including in vivo bioimaging, in vivo bioimaging, biodetection, immunohistochemistry, microarray detection, photodymic therapy, and photoactivated drug activation. Group: Oil dispersible upconverting nanoparticles. Pack Sizes: 10 mg/20 mg/50 mg.
Oil of Orange. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 8008-57-9. Pack Sizes: 500g, 1kg, 2kg, 5kg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Oil Rapeseed 8002-13-9
Oil Rapeseed - Surface Coatings. SUPPLIERS TO BUSINESS CUSTOMERS ONLY.
North America & APAC
Oil Red O
Oil Red O is a fat-soluble diazol dye, with a maximum absorption at 518 nm. Oil Red O stains neutral lipids and cholesteryl esters but not biological membranes. Oil Red O can be used for detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis in mouse liver biopsies. Oil Red O staining efficiently helps to visualize the radical changes that occur in tissues as metabolic disease occurs and progresses [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Fluorescent dye. CAS No. 1320-06-5. Pack Sizes: 25 g. Product ID: HY-D1168.
Oil Red O
Oil Red O. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 1-[(4-{Xylylazo}xylyl)azo]-2-naphthol; Solvent red 27; CI 26125. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 1320-06-5. Pack Sizes: 250g. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Oil Red O
25g Pack Size. Group: Stains & Indicators. Formula: C26H24N4O. CAS No. 1320-06-5. Prepack ID 17425205-25g. Molecular Weight 408.49. See USA prepack pricing.
Oil Red O, Erythrosin B, Certified ≥87% (Dye content)
Oil Red O, Erythrosin B, Certified ≥87% (Dye content). Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Certified Dye. CAS No. 1320-06-5. Pack Sizes: 100g, 250g, 1Kg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Oils,eucalyptus, E. citriodora
Heterocyclic Organic Compound. CAS No. 129828-24-6. Catalog: ACM129828246.
Oils, lard, mixed with Me ricinoleate, chlorosulfurized
Oils, lard, mixed with Me ricinoleate, chlorosulfurized. CAS No. 100403-56-3. Catalog: ACM100403563.
Oils, linaloe
Essential Oils. CAS No. 8006-86-8. Density: 0.8621-0.8795 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.).
o-Iodobenzoic acid is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Biochemical assay reagents. Alternative Names: 2-Iodobenzoic acid. CAS No. 88-67-5. Pack Sizes: 25 g. Product ID: HY-77433.
O-Isobutyl ((3aR,7S,9S,9aR)-2,2,7-Trimethylhexahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4',5':5,6]pyran[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-9-yl) Sulfate is an intermediate used in the synthesis of D-Galactose-3-sulfate Sodium Salt, which is an sulfated conjugated of D-Galactose, a epimer of Glucose that is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Molecular formula: C15H26O9S. Mole weight: 382.43.
O-Isobutyl ((3aR,7S,9S,9aR)-2,2,7-Trimethylhexahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4',5':5,6]pyran[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-9-yl) Sulfite is an intermediate used in the synthesis of D-Galactose-3-sulfate, which is an sulfated conjugate of D-Galactose, a epimer of Glucose that is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Molecular formula: C15H26O8S. Mole weight: 366.43.
O-Isobutyryl naltrexone
O-Isobutyryl naltrexone. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Naltrexone 3-isobutyrate; 3-O-Isobutyrylnaltrexone; (5a)-17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)-morphinan-6-one. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 861238-38-2. Pack Sizes: 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 250mg, 500mg. Molecular Formula: C24H29NO5. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
O-Isobutyryl N-methyl naltrexone iodide
O-Isobutyryl N-methyl naltrexone iodide. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: (5a)-17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-17-methyl-3-(2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)-6-oxo-morphinanium iodide. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 1048360-09-3. Pack Sizes: 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 250mg. Molecular Formula: C25H32INO5. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
o-Isopropoxyphenol
o-Isopropoxyphenol. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 1-Hydroxy-2-isopropoxybenzene; 2-IPP; 2-Isopropoxyphenol; 2-Isoropyloxyphenol; Catechol Monoisopropyl Ether; ortho-Isopropoxyphenol. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 4812-20-8. Pack Sizes: 1g. Molecular Formula: C9H12O2, Molecular Weight: 152.19. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
OJT008
OJT008 is an inhibitor of MtMetAP1c. OJT008 inhibits NiCl 2 - and CoCl 2 activated MtMetAP1c with IC 50 s of 11 and 40 μM, respectively. OJT008 can used to study tuberculosis [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. CAS No. 256370-29-3. Pack Sizes: 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg. Product ID: HY-157518.
OJV-VI is a compound of the steroidal saponins found in the roots of Liriope spicata. Synonyms: 25(S)-Ruscogenin 1-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1?3)]-β-D-fucopyranoside. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 125150-67-6. Molecular formula: C44H70O16. Mole weight: 855.02.
OJV-VI
OJV-VI. Group: Biochemicals. CAS No. 125150-67-6. Pack Sizes: 5mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
OK-1035
OK-1035 is a potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor. When a synthetic peptide was used as a substrate, OK-1035 caused 50% inhibition of DNA-PK activity at 8 microM. OK-1035 inhibited the phosphorylation by DNA-PK of consensus peptide as well as that of recombinant human wild type-p53. Kinetic studies indicated that OK-1035 inhibited DNA-PK activity in an ATP-competitive manner. Synonyms: OK1035; OK 1035. Grades: 98%. CAS No. 98293-88-0. Molecular formula: C12H9N5O. Mole weight: 239.23.
Okadaic acid
Okadaic acid, a marine toxin, is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP). Okadaic acid has a significantly higher affinity for PP2A ( IC 50 =0.1-0.3 nM), and inhibits PP1 ( IC 50 =15-50 nM), PP3 ( IC 50 =3.7-4 nM), PP4 ( IC 50 =0.1 nM), PP5 ( IC 50 =3.5 nM), but does not inhibit PP2C. Okadaic acid increases of phosphorylation of a number of proteins by inhibiting PP, and acts a tumor promoter. Okadaic acid induces tau phosphorylation [1] [2]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Natural products. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Pack Sizes: 25 μg (124.2 μM * 250 μL in Ethanol). Product ID: HY-N6785.
Okadaic Acid
Okadaic Acid, a marine toxin, polyether derivative produced by dinoflagellates, is a potent, cell-permeable, specific inhibitor of PP-1 and PP-2 serine/threonine-speci?c protein phosphatases in a variety of cell types. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin, halochondrine A. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Pack Sizes: 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic Acid
Okadaic acid is a marine sponge toxin which potently inhibits certain serine/threonine protein phosphatases. This cell permeable inhibitor targets the multiple isoforms of PP1, both isoforms of PP2A and PP3. It is a very weak inhibitor of PP2B and does not inhibit PP2C or other phosphatases. Synonyms: AA8227800; 9,10-Deepithio-9,10-didehydroacanthifolicin. Grades: 95% by HPLC. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Molecular formula: C44H68O13. Mole weight: 805.00.
Okadaic Acid
Okadaic acid is a protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor derived from the marine. Group: Heterocyclic organic compound. Alternative Names: 35-Demethyldinophysistoxin 1. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Molecular formula: C44H68O13. Mole weight: 805. Purity: 95%+. IUPACName: (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-Hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid. Canonical SMILES: CC1CCC2 (CCCCO2)OC1C (C)CC (C3C (=C)C (C4C (O3)CCC5 (O4)CCC (O5)C=CC (C)C6CC (=CC7 (O6)C (CCC (O7)CC (C) (C (=O)O)O)O)C)O)O. Density: 1.0795 g/cm³. Catalog: ACM78111178.
Okadaic acid, Ammonium Salt (Halochondrine A, Ammonium, OA)
An ammonium salt form of the protein phosphatase inhibitor Okadaic acid with somewhat greater stability than the free acid when stored in organic solvents. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 155716-06-6. Pack Sizes: 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid ammonium salt (High Purity) (Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin)
Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. Reversible, potent and selective serine threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. PP2A (IC50=0. 2-1nM), PP1 (IC50=3-15nM), PP2B (IC50= >1µM). Does not inhibit PP2C. Stimulates intracellular protein phosphorylation. Useful tool for studying cellular processes that are regulated by phosphorylation. Does not affect activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase. Mimics the effects of insulin. Activates atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Apoptosis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF-7) and in myeloid cells. Neurotoxic. Used to study various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, nitric oxide metabolism and calcium signaling. Stimulates cell motility, loss of stabilization of focal adhesions and a consequent loss of cytoskeletal organization. Source:Isolated from Prorocentrum concavum. Salt form generated in aqueous ammonium hydroxide-methanol solution. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 155716-06-6. Pack Sizes: 25ug, 100ug. Molecular Formula: C44H67O13. NH4, Molecular Weight: 822. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid (High Purity)
Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. Reversible, potent and selective serine threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. PP2A (IC50=0. 2-1nM), PP1 (IC50=3-15nM), PP2B (IC50=>1µM). Does not inhibit PP2C. Stimulates intracellular protein phosphorylation. Useful tool for studying cellular processes that are regulated by phosphorylation. Does not affect activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase. Mimics the effects of insulin. Activates atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Apoptosis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF-7) and in myeloid cells. Neurotoxic. Used to study various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, nitric oxide metabolism and calcium signaling. Stimulates cell motility, loss of stabilization of focal adhesions and a consequent loss of cytoskeletal organization. Source:Isolated from Prorocentrum concavum. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Pack Sizes: 25ug, 100ug. Molecular Formula: C44H68O13, Molecular Weight: 805. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid potassium salt
Okadaic acid potassium salt, originally derived from marine dinoflagellates, Prorocentrium sp., is a potent, cell permeable inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases. It inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (IC50 = 3-15 nM) and protein phosphatase 2A (IC50 = 0.1-1 nM). Synonyms: 35-Demethyl-DTX 1 Potassium Salt. CAS No. 209266-79-5. Molecular formula: C44H68O13K. Mole weight: 844.10.
Okadaic acid potassium salt (Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin) (High Purity)
Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. Reversible, potent and selective serine threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. PP2A (IC50=0.2-1nM), PP1 (IC50=3-15nM), PP2B (IC50=>1uM). Does not inhibit PP2C. Stimulates intracellular protein phosphorylation. Useful tool for studying cellular processes that are regulated by phosphorylation. Does not affect activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase. Mimics the effects of insulin. Activates atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Apoptosis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF-7) and in myeloid cells. Neurotoxic. Used to study various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, nitric oxide metabolism and calcium signaling. Stimulates cell motility, loss of stabilization of focal adhesions and a consequent loss of cytoskeletal organization. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 155751-72-7. Pack Sizes: 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid, Potassium Salt (Halochondrine A, Potassium, OA)
Potassium salt form of the protein phosphatase inhibitor Okadaic acid with somewhat greater stability than the free acid when stored in organic solvents. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 155751-72-7. Pack Sizes: 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic Acid, Prorocentrum sp. (OA)
An ionophore-like polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid compound that has tumor promoting properties. Potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (IC50=10-15nM) and protein phosphatase 2A (IC50=0.1nM). Does not affect the activity of tyrosine phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, or acid phosphatases. Useful for the study of protein phosphatases in cell extracts as well as in intact cells. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF7) and in myeloid cells but inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in T cell hybridomas. Has marked contractile effects on smooth muscle and heart muscle. Implicated as causative agent of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 78111-17-8. Pack Sizes: 25ug, 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic Acid, Sodium salt (Halochondrine A)
Okadaic Acid, a marine toxin, polyether derivative produced by dinoflagellates, is a potent, cell-permeable, specific inhibitor of PP-1 and PP-2 serine/threonine-speci?c protein phosphatases in a variety of cell types. Salt form of okadaic acid, with somewhat greater stability than the free acid when stored in organic solvents. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin, Halochondrine A. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 209266-80-8. Pack Sizes: 100ug, 300ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid sodium salt (high purity) (Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin)
Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. Reversible, potent and selective serine threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. PP2A (IC50=0. 2-1nM), PP1 (IC50=3-15nM), PP2B (IC50=>1µM). Does not inhibit PP2C. Stimulates intracellular protein phosphorylation. Useful tool for studying cellular processes that are regulated by phosphorylation. Does not affect activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase. Mimics the effects of insulin. Activates atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Apoptosis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF-7) and in myeloid cells. Neurotoxic. Used to study various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, nitric oxide metabolism and calcium signaling. Stimulates cell motility, loss of stabilization of focal adhesions and a consequent loss of cytoskeletal organization. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9, 10-Deepithio-9, 10-dide hydroacanthifolicin. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 209266-80-8. Pack Sizes: 25ug, 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okadaic acid, Sodium Salt (OA, Halochondrine A, Sodium Salt)
Sodium salt form of the protein phosphatase inhibitor Okadaic acid with somewhat greater stability than the free acid when stored in organic solvents. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 209266-80-8. Pack Sizes: 100ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Okanin
Okanin, effective constituent of the flower tea Coreopsis tinctoria , attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation through inhibition of the TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathways [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Natural products. CAS No. 484-76-4. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 1 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg. Product ID: HY-N6673.
Okicenone is originally isolated from Str. sp. KO-3599 and it has the effect of killing tumor cells. Synonyms: 3,4-Dihydro-4,6,9-trihydroxy-8-methyl-1(2H)-anthracenone; 1(2H)-Anthracenone, 3,4-dihydro-4,6,9-trihydroxy-8-methyl-. Grades: >98 %. CAS No. 137018-54-3. Molecular formula: C15H14O4. Mole weight: 258.27.
It is originally isolated from Str. griseoflavus subsp. zamamiensis. It can resist gram-positive bacteria and inhibit leukemic cells. Synonyms: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,8R,11aS,14S,15aS)-3,3a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,14,15-Dodecahydro-3,6,8,14-tetramethyl-16-methylene-2,17-dioxo-3,5-ethano-2H-furo[2,3-o][2]benzoxacycloundecin-13-carboxylic acid; YP-02908L-A. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 111367-04-5. Molecular formula: C24H32O6. Mole weight: 416.51.
Okra extract. Group: Others. Purity: 0.41736111. Source: Okra or Okro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world. Okra extract. Cat No: EXTC-157.
OL135 is a CNS penetrant, highly potent and selective reversible inhibitor of FAAH. It exhibits analgesic pharmacology in various animal models without the motor impairment associated with direct CB1 agonism. It increases the analgesic and hypothermic activity of anandamide. Uses: Ol135 is used as an analgesic drug. Synonyms: OL-135;1-Oxo-1-[5-(2-pyridyl)oxazol-2-yl]-7-phenylheptane;7-Phenyl-1-[5-(2-pyridinyl)-2-oxazolyl]-1-heptanone;7-Phenyl-1-[5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]heptan-1-one. Grades: 98%. CAS No. 681135-77-3. Molecular formula: C21H22N2O2. Mole weight: 334.42.
Olacaftor
Olacaftor (VX-440) is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) modulator extracted from patent US9782408. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. Alternative Names: VX-440. CAS No. 1897384-89-2. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 1 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-112267.
Olanexidine
Olanexidine. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. CAS No. 146510-36-3. Molecular Formula: C17H27Cl2N5. Mole Weight: 372.34. Catalog: APB146510363.
Olanexidine hydrochloride
Olanexidine hydrochloride is a monobiguanide compound with bactericidal activity. Olanexidine probably binds to the cell membrane, destroys membrane integrity. Olanexidine hydrochloride is active against a wide range of bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Olanexidine exhibits the bactericidal concentration of 109 μg/mL for Gram-positive bacilli [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. CAS No. 146509-94-6. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-125654A.
Olanexidine Impurity1
Olanexidine Impurity1. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. CAS No. 109435-08-7. Molecular Formula: C13H17Cl3N4. Mole Weight: 335.66. Catalog: APB109435087.
Olanexidine Impurity2
Olanexidine Impurity2. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. Molecular Formula: C13H17Cl3N4. Mole Weight: 335.66. Catalog: APB12011.
Olanexidine Impurity3
Olanexidine Impurity3. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. CAS No. 73728-66-2. Molecular Formula: C7H8Cl3N. Mole Weight: 212.5. Catalog: APB73728662.
Olanexidine Impurity4
Olanexidine Impurity4. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. CAS No. 39226-95-4. Molecular Formula: C7H8Cl4N. Mole Weight: 212.5. Catalog: APB39226954.
Olanexidine Impurity5
Olanexidine Impurity5. Uses: For analytical and research use. Group: Impurity standards. CAS No. 5635-67-6. Molecular Formula: C8H9Cl2N. Mole Weight: 190.07. Catalog: APB5635676.