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The enzyme, isolated from the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, is very oxygen sensitive. It cannot use reduced flavins, reduced coenzyme F420, or NAD(P)H as an electron donor. Distinct from EC 1.3.1.6 [fumaratereductase (NADH)], EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)], and EC 1.3.5.4 [fumaratereductase (quinol)]. Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: thiol:fumaratereductase; Tfr. Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.4.1. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1384; fumaratereductase (CoM/CoB); EC 1.3.4.1; thiol:fumaratereductase; Tfr. Cat No: EXWM-1384.
fumaratereductase (NADH)
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is succinate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NADH-fumaratereductase, NADH-dependent fumaratereductase, and fumaratereductase (NADH). Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: NADH-fumaratereductase; NADH-dependent fumaratereductase; fumaratereductase (NADH2). Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.1.6. CAS No. 9076-99-7. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1329; fumaratereductase (NADH); EC 1.3.1.6; 9076-99-7; NADH-fumaratereductase; NADH-dependent fumaratereductase; fumaratereductase (NADH2). Cat No: EXWM-1329.
fumaratereductase (quinol)
The enzyme, which is found in anaerobic and facultative organisms such as bacteria, parasitic helminthes, and lower marine organisms, utilizes low potential quinols, such as menaquinol and rhodoquinol, to reduce fumarate as the final step of an anaerobic respiratory chain. The enzyme is known as complex II of the electron transfer chain, similarly to EC 1.3.5.1, succinate dehydrogenase (quinone), to which it is closely related. Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: FRD; menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase; succinate dehydrogenase (menaquinone); succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase; fumaratereductase (menaquinone); complex II (ambiguous). Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.5.4. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1388; fumaratereductase (quinol); EC 1.3.5.4; FRD; menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase; succinate dehydrogenase (menaquinone); succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase; fumaratereductase (menaquinone); complex II (ambiguous). Cat No: EXWM-1388.
Atpenin A5
Antibiotic. Antifungal. Potent and specific mitochondrial complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) inhibitor. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mK(ATP)) channel activator. Cardioprotective. Modulates mitochondrial ROS generation during cardioprotection.The IC50 value against bovine heart complex II is 3.6nM (which is ~300-fold lower than the IC50 value of carboxin (1.1uM)). It also inhibits fumaratereductase of Ascaris suum (IC50 = 12nM). Inhibition of E. coli succinate dehydrogenase is less potent (IC50 = 5uM). By co-crystallization studies of atpenin A5 and complex II, the binding site of atpenin A5 was found to be the quinone-binding site of complex II. Additionally, atpenin A5 has been shown to have a protective action against ischemia-reperfusion via the activation of mitochondrial KATP channels. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 3-[(2S,4S,5R)-5,6-Dichloro-2,4-dimethyl-1-oxohexyl]-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2(1H)-pyridinone. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 119509-24-9. Pack Sizes: 250ug, 1mg. Molecular Formula: C15H21Cl2NO5. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Binds FMN, FAD and a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The enzyme consists of two subunits, an FMN binding catalytic subunit and a FAD and iron-sulfur binding electron transfer subunit. The reaction, which takes place in the cytosol, is the only redox reaction in the de-novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Other class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either fumarate (EC 1.3.98.1) or NADP+ (EC 1.3.1.15) as electron acceptor. The membrane bound class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2) uses quinone as electron acceptor. Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: orotate reductase (NADH); orotate reductase (NADH2); DHOdehase (ambiguous); DHOD (ambiguous); DHODase (ambiguous); dihydroorotate oxidase, pyrD (gene name). Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.1.14. CAS No. 37255-26-8. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1288; dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD+); EC 1.3.1.14; 37255-26-8; orotate reductase (NADH); orotate reductase (NADH2); DHOdehase (ambiguous); DHOD (ambiguous); DHODase (ambiguous); dihydroorotate oxidase, pyrD (gene name). Cat No: EXWM-1288.
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Binds FMN and FAD. Other class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either fumarate (EC 1.3.98.1) or NAD+ (EC 1.3.1.14) as electron acceptor. The membrane bound class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2) uses quinone as electron acceptor. Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: orotate reductase; dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase; L-5,6-dihydro-orotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase; orotate reductase (NADPH). Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.1.15. CAS No. 37255-27-9. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1289; dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADP+); EC 1.3.1.15; 37255-27-9; orotate reductase; dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase; L-5,6-dihydro-orotate:NAD+ oxidoreductase; orotate reductase (NADPH). Cat No: EXWM-1289.
Harzianopyridone
Harzianopyridone is a metabolite of Trichoderma harzianum that exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties. Harzianopyridone acts as an atpenin-like inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase; SQR) with IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM for bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. It also inhibits nematode quinol-fumaratereductase (QFR; IC50 = 0.36 μM). Synonyms: (-)-Harzianopyridone; 4-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-[(2S,4E)-2-methyl-1-oxo-4-hexenyl]-2(1H)-pyridinone; 2(1H)-Pyridinone, 4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-[(2S,4E)-2-methyl-1-oxo-4-hexen-1-yl]-; 2(1H)-Pyridinone, 4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-[(2S,4E)-2-methyl-1-oxo-4-hexenyl]-; 4-Hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-[(2S,4E)-2-methyl-1-oxo-4-hexen-1-yl]-2(1H)-pyridinone; (S,E)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylhex-4-enoyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one. Grades: ≥95%. CAS No. 137813-88-8. Molecular formula: C14H19NO5. Mole weight: 281.30.
Oxantel pamoate
Oxantel Pamoate is used as an anthelmintic. It has typically been used in human and animal field as a standard treatment for intestinal worms. It may be used as a fumaratereductase inhibitor to kill the bacteria responsible for periodontal disease. Uses: Antinematodal agents. Synonyms: (E)-3-(2-(1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)vinyl)phenol 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate); 4,4'-Methylenebis[3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic Acid 3-[(1E)-2-(1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)ethenyl]phenol; Oxantel Ebonate; Telopar. Grades: 98%. CAS No. 68813-55-8. Molecular formula: C36H32N2O7. Mole weight: 604.65.
Sartorypyrone D
Sartorypyrone D is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from N. fischeri. It inhibits NADH fumaratereductase (NFRD; IC50=1.7 μM in A. suum mitochondria) and NADH oxidase (IC50 = 3 μM in bovine heart mitochondria). Synonyms: 2,2-Dimethyl-3alpha-[(3E,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2-oxo-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-3-yl)-3,7-nonadienyl]-4-methylenecyclohexane-1alpha-ol. Grades: >95% by HPLC. CAS No. 1801167-48-5. Molecular formula: C26H38O4. Mole weight: 414.58.
succinate dehydrogenase
A flavoprotein (FAD) complex containing iron-sulfur centres. The enzyme is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of many aerobic or facultative bacteria and archaea. It catalyses succinate oxidation in the citric acid cycle and transfers the electrons to quinones in the membrane, thus constituting a part of the aerobic respiratory chain (known as complex II). In vivo the enzyme uses the quinone found in the organism - eukaryotic enzymes utilize ubiquinone, bacterial enzymes utilize ubiquinone or menaquinone, and archaebacterial enzymes from the Sulfolobus genus use caldariellaquinone. cf. EC 1.3.5.4, fumaratereductase (quinone). Group: Enzymes. Synonyms: succinate dehydrogenase (quinone); succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone); succinic dehydrogenase; complex II (ambiguous); succinate dehydrogenase complex; SDH; succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Enzyme Commission Number: EC 1.3.5.1. CAS No. 9028-11-9. Storage: Store it at +4 ?C for short term. For long term storage, store it at -20 ?C?-80 ?C. Form: Liquid or lyophilized powder. EXWM-1385; succinate dehydrogenase; EC 1.3.5.1; 9028-11-9; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone); succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone); succinic dehydrogenase; complex II (ambiguous); succinate dehydrogenase complex; SDH; succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Cat No: EXWM-1385.
Ro 48-8071 fumarate
Ro 48-8071 is an orally active cholesterol synthesis inhibitor or a 2,3-oxidosqualene:lanosterol cyclase (OSC) inhibitor. OSC (EC 5.4.99.7) represents a unique target for a cholesterol-lowering drug. Partial inhibition of OSC should reduce synthesis of lanosterol and subsequent sterols, and also stimulate the production of epoxysterols that repress HMG-CoA reductase expression, generating a synergistic, self-limited negative regulatory loop. Synonyms: Ro 48-8071; Ro48-8071; Ro-48-8071; Ro 488071; Ro488071; Ro-488071. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 189197-69-1. Molecular formula: C27H31BrFNO6. Mole weight: 564.44.
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