A directory of where to buy chemicals in the USA, including: distributors, industrial manufacturers, bulk supplies and wholesalers of raw ingredients & finished goods.
SV40 large T antigen NLS, a hexamer protein generated from Large T antigen residue 47 to 55, enables protein import into cell nucleus. Synonyms: Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-Glu-Asp. Grades: ≥95%. Molecular formula: C58H104N20O18S. Mole weight: 1401.63.
SV-40 Large T-antigen Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)
It is a commonly used nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide, which is derived from Large T antigen residue 47 to 55. It enables protein import into cell nucleus. Synonyms: H-Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-Glu-Asp-OH; SV40 Large T-antigen Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) derived peptide. Grades: ≥95%. Molecular formula: C58H104N20O18S. Mole weight: 1401.65.
SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide acetate
SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide, derived from the Large T antigen residues 47 to 56, is the nuclear localization signal DNA tagged to this peptide, which is effectively translocated into the nucleus. Molecular formula: C68H115N19O20S. Mole weight: 1550.82.
SVEC
SVEC. CAS No: 918822-70-5
Sarchem Laboratories New Jersey NJ
S-Venlafaxine
S-Venlafaxine. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 1-[ (1S) -2- (Dimethylamino) -1- (4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl]cyclohexanol; (-)-Venlafaxine. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 93413-44-6. Pack Sizes: 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, 25mg, 50mg. Molecular Formula: C17H27NO2. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
S-Venlafaxine-di-p-toluoyl-L-tartrate Salt
A metabolite of Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Used as an antidepressant. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 272788-02-0. Pack Sizes: 5mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
S-Verapamil HCl
S-Verapamil HCl is an inhibitor of the p-glycoprotein efflux pump in multidrug resistant tumor cells. Synonyms: (S)-(-)-Verapamil Hydrochloride; (α S) -α -[3-[[2- (3, 4-Dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl]methylamino]propyl]-3, 4-dimethoxy-α - (1-methylethyl) -benzeneacetonitrile Hydrochloride; (S)-Verapamil Hydrochloride; (-)-Verapamil Hydrochloride (α S) -α -[3-[[2- (3, 4-Dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl]methylamino]propyl]-3, 4-dimethoxy-α - (1-methylethyl) -benzeneacetonitrile Hydrochloride; (S)-Verapamil Hydrochloride; (-)-Verapamil Hydrochloride. CAS No. 36622-28-3. Molecular formula: C27H38N2O4. HCl. Mole weight: 491.07.
SW033291 is a potent and selective 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) enzyme inhibitor. SW033291 has been shown to promote hematopoietic recovery following murine transplant. Synonyms: SW-033291; SW 033291; 2-(butane-1-sulfinyl)-4-phenyl-6-(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3-amine. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 459147-39-8. Molecular formula: C21H20N2OS3. Mole weight: 412.58.
SW044248
SW044248 is a potent and selective Topoisomerase I inhibitor. SW044248 killed approximately 15% of a panel of 74 NSCLC cell lines and was nontoxic to immortalized human bronchial cell lines. Synonyms: SW044248; SW-044248; SW 044248. Grades: 98%. CAS No. 522650-83-5. Molecular formula: C22H23N5O2S. Mole weight: 421.52.
SW-100
SW-100, a selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 2.3 nM, shows at least 1000-fold selectivity for HDAC6 relative to all other HDAC isozymes. SW-100 displays a significantly improved ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. CAS No. 2126744-35-0. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 5 mg; 10 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-115475.
SW155246
SW155246 is an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with IC50 value of 1.2 μM, displaying 30-fold selectivity for inhibition of human DNMT1 versus human or murine DNMT3A or -3B. It was shown to inhibit global methylation in HeLa cells, and reactivate expression of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in A549 cells. Synonyms: 4-chloro-N-(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide. Grades: ≥98%. CAS No. 420092-79-1. Molecular formula: C16H11ClN2O5S. Mole weight: 378.8.
SW-163A
SW-163A is an immunosuppressant isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SNA15896. It showed immunosuppressive and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Synonyms: SW-163 A. Molecular formula: C34H42N2O12. Mole weight: 670.7.
SW-163B
SW-163B is an immunosuppressant isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SNA15896. It showed immunosuppressive and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Synonyms: SW-163 B. Molecular formula: C33H40N2O12. Mole weight: 656.7.
SW-163C
SW-163C is an antitumor depsipeptide produced by Streptomyces sp. SNA15896. The LD50 of SW-163C is > 100 mg/kg. Synonyms: SW-163 C. Molecular formula: C52H60N10O14S2. Mole weight: 1113.2.
SW-163E
SW-163E is an antitumor depsipeptide produced by Streptomyces sp. SNA15896. The LD50 of SW-163E is 0.6 mg/kg. Synonyms: SW-163 E. Molecular formula: C54H64N10O14S2. Mole weight: 1141.3.
SW1+ Pure granular seaweed meal with beneficial soil microbes
Seaweed Granules with beneficial soil microbes. Uses: Agriculture, horticulture, amenity. Alternative Names: Soil improver. Pack Sizes: 500KG. Molecular formula: Fertilizer. Sold wholesale for blending & formulating. Categories: Seaweed granules, algae, Soil Conditioners.
SW203668 trifluoroacetate salt
SW203668 is an irreversible inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (IC50 = 54 nM). It is selectively cytotoxic to H2122, H460, HCC44, and HCC95 cell lines. Synonyms: SW203668 TFA; 4-(aminophenylmethyl)-N-(6-methoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-benzamide trifluoroacetate salt. Grades: ≥98%. CAS No. 2117405-48-6. Molecular formula: C22H19N3O2S·CF3COOH. Mole weight: 503.49.
SW2 Refined seaweed granules
Refined Seaweed Granules. Uses: Agriculture, horticulture, amenity. Alternative Names: Soil improver. Pack Sizes: 500KG. Molecular formula: Fertilizer with greater water holding capacity. Categories: Seaweed granules, algae, Soil Conditioners.
SW2+ Refined seaweed granules with beneficial soil microbes
Refined Seaweed Granule with beneficial soil microbes. Uses: Agriculture, horticulture, amenity. Alternative Names: Soil improver. Pack Sizes: 500KG. Molecular formula: Fertilizer with greater water holding capacity. Categories: Seaweed granules, algae, Soil Conditioners.
SW480 Cell Lysate, LiCl-treated
Western Blot positive control cell lysate for C2069-48D. Cell lysate from SW480 cells. Serum starved cells were treated for 15min with LiCl. Group: Biologicals. Grades: Lysate. Pack Sizes: 200ul. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swainsonine
Swainsonine. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Purified. CAS No. 72741-87-8. Pack Sizes: 1mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swainsonine
Potent and specific inhibitor of α-mannosidase II with IC50 in submicromolar range. It inhibits three α-mannosidase II isoforms; MAN2A1 in Golgi apparatus, MAN2B1 in lysosomes and MAN2C1 in endoplasmatic reticulum. The compound reduces tumour growth and metastasis in mice by increasing the mannose content in N-linked glycans and directing the cell towards apoptosis. Group: Other alkaloids. Alternative Names: (1S, 2R, 8R, 8αR)-1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8α-Octahydroindolizine-1, 2, 8-triolTridolgosir. CAS No. 72741-87-8. Molecular formula: C8H15NO3. Mole weight: 173.21 g/mol. Appearance: White to faint yellow powder. Purity: 0.98. IUPACName: (1S,2R,8R,8aR)-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroindolizine-1,2,8-triol. Canonical SMILES: C1C[C@H] ([C@@H]2[C@@H] ([C@@H] (CN2C1)O)O)O. Density: 1.38±0.1 g/ml. Catalog: ACM72741878-1.
Swainsonine
Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) is an natural indolizidine alkaloid, a potent and reversible α-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Swainsonine shows anti-tumor activity [1] [2] [3]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Natural products. Alternative Names: Tridolgosir. CAS No. 72741-87-8. Pack Sizes: 1 mg; 5 mg. Product ID: HY-N6722.
Swainsonine is a plant alkaloid derived from Swainsona canes. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: 8a,b-Octahydroindolizidine-1a,2a,8b-triol. Grades: Highly Purified. Pack Sizes: 1mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swalpamycin
Swalpamycin is a 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotic produced by Str.sp.Y-84, 30967. Activity against gram-positive bacteria. Synonyms: Oxacyclohexadeca-3,11,13-triene-2,10-dione, 15-(((6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methyl-beta-D-allopyranosyl)oxy)methyl)-6-(((4S,5R,6R,7S,9R)-6-hydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,8-trioxaspiro(4.5)dec-7-yl)oxy)-5,7,9,16-tetramethyl-, (3E,5S,6S,7S,9R,11E,13E,15R,16R)-. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 112008-27-2. Molecular formula: C37H56O14. Mole weight: 724.83.
SWCNT
SWCNT. Group: Single wall cnt. CAS No. 308068-56-6. >98% (SWNT).
SWCNT (Amino Functional Group)
SWCNT (Amino Functional Group). Group: Single wall cnt. >80% (SWCNT).
Organic, all-natural sweet orange essential oil (citrus sinensis). Cold pressed from the peel. Used in a wide array of cosmetic & food products for fragrance and flavor. Phthalate-free. Uses: All kinds of personal care products and cosmetics including lip care products. Group: Sensory modifiers. CAS No. 8008-57-9. Appearance: Yellow to orange liquid, characteristic odor. Catalog: CI-SC-0165.
Sweet potato powder
Sweet potato powder. Applications: Sweet potatoes have certain health effects: first, there is the sweet potato anticancer effects. second, sweet potato good for the heart. third, the white sweet potato have anti-diabetic effects. fourth, the sweet potato is an ideal diet food. Group: Others. Appearance: This product is white powder, with a fresh, sweet aroma realistic unique flavor. Source: The sweet potato or kumara (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae.Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. Sweet potato powder. Cat No: EXTC-212.
Sweroside. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 14215-86-2. Pack Sizes: 20mg. Molecular Formula: C16H22O9, Molecular Weight: 358.34. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Sweroside
Sweroside, isolated from Lonicera japonica, exhibits cytoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, and hepatoprotective effect [1] [2]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Natural products. CAS No. 14215-86-2. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 1 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg; 20 mg. Product ID: HY-N0806.
Sweroside, 6'-O- β-D-apiofuranosyl-
Sweroside, 6'-O- β-D-apiofuranosyl-. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 266678-59-5. Pack Sizes: 2mg. Molecular Formula: C21H30O13, Molecular Weight: 490.46. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertiajaponin
Swertiajaponin. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 6980-25-2. Pack Sizes: 5mg. Molecular Formula: C22H22O11, Molecular Weight: 462.41. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertiamarin
Swertiamarin is an orally active natural product with hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, anti-rheumatic, and antioxidant activities. Swertiamarin can regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP , and NF-κB , and promote osteoblast proliferation. Swertiamarin has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride induced rat liver toxicity through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Swertiamarin can attenuate inflammatory mediators by regulating JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. Swertiamarin can be used in the research of diabetes and arthritis [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Natural products. CAS No. 17388-39-5. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-N0807.
Swertiamarin
Swertiamarin. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Swertiamaroside. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 17388-39-5. Pack Sizes: 20mg. Molecular Formula: C16H22O10, Molecular Weight: 374.34. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertianin
Swertianin. Group: Biochemicals. Alternative Names: Gentiakochianin; Gentiachochianin. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 20882-75-1. Pack Sizes: 20mg. Molecular Formula: C14H10O6, Molecular Weight: 274.226. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertianin
Swertianin is found in the herbs of Gentiana bavarica, it has potential anti-inflammatory and antinoceceptive which could be used as a drug candidate against inflammation related conditions. Synonyms: Gentiakochianin; 1,2,8-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one. Grades: > 95%. CAS No. 20882-75-1. Molecular formula: C14H10O6. Mole weight: 274.23.
Swertianolin
Swertianolin, a xanthone isolated from Gentianella Acuta, inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Swertianolin also exhibits anti-HBV and anti-bacterial activity. Group: Inhibitors. Alternative Names: 5,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone-1-o-glucoside. CAS No. 23445-00-3. Molecular formula: C20H20O11. Mole weight: 436.37. Purity: 98%+. Catalog: ACM23445003.
Swertianolin
Botanical Source: Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 23445-00-3. Pack Sizes: 10mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertiaperennin
Swertiaperennin is a xanthone isolated from Swertia bimaculata. Synonyms: Methylswertianin; 1,8-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one; 2-O-Methylswertianin. Grades: 98%. CAS No. 22172-17-4. Molecular formula: C15H12O6. Mole weight: 288.25.
Swertisin
Swertisin. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Plant Grade. CAS No. 6991-10-2. Pack Sizes: 10mg. Molecular Formula: C22H22O10, Molecular Weight: 446.41. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Swertisin
Swertisin efficiently changed the morphology of NIH3T3 cells from fibroblastic to round aggregate cell cluster in huge numbers. Dithizone (DTZ) stain primarily confirmed differentiation and gene expression studies signified rapid onset of differentiation signaling cascade in Swertisin-induced ILCC. Synonyms: Flavocommelitin; 6-C-glucopyranosyl-7-O-methylapigenin; Apigenin 6-glucosyl-7-O-methyl ether. Grades: >98%. CAS No. 6991-10-2. Molecular formula: C22H22O10. Mole weight: 446.4.
Swinholide A
Swinholide A, isolated from the marien sponge Theonella swinhoei, is a 44-carbon ring dimeric dilactone macrolide with a 2-fold axis of symmetry. Recent studies have elucidated its unusual structure and shown that it has potent cytotoxic activity. We now report that swinholide A disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of cells grown in culture, sequesters actin dimers in vitro in both polymerizing and non-polymerizing buffers with a binding stoichiometry of one swinholide A molecule per actin dimer, and rapidly severs F-actin in vitro with high cooperativity. These unique properties are sufficient to explain the cytotoxicity of swinholide A. They also suggest that swinholide A might be a model for studies of the mechanism of action of F-actin severing proteins and be therapeutically useful in conditions where filamentous actin contributes to pathologically high viscosities. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 95927-67-6. Pack Sizes: 10ug, 50ug. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
SWNT Carbon Nanotubes
SWNT Carbon Nanotubes. Group: Single wall cnt. CAS No. 308068-56-6. >80% (SWNT).
SWNTs (60%, 1-2 nm)
SWNTs (60%, 1-2 nm). Group: Single wall cnt.
SWNTs(Functionalized)
SWNTs(Functionalized). Group: Single wall cnt. >90wt%.
SX 011
SX 011 is a potent p38α inhibitor (IC50 = 9 nM). It also acts as a p38β and JNK-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 90 nM and 100 nM, respectively). SX 011 exhibits no significant activity at p38γ, p38δ, ERK-2 and JNK-1. Synonyms: SX 011; SX011; SX-011; 6-Chloro-5-[[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl-N,N,1-trimethyl-α-oxo-1H-indole-3-acetamide. Grades: ≥98% by HPLC. CAS No. 309913-42-6. Molecular formula: C26H27ClFN3O3. Mole weight: 483.96.
SX 011
SX 011. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Purified. CAS No. 309913-42-6. Pack Sizes: 10mg, 50mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
SX-682
SX-682 is an orally bioavailable, potent allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2. SX-682 can block tumor myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) recruitment and enhance T cell activation and antitumor immunity [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. CAS No. 1648843-04-2. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-119339.
SYBR Green I
SYBR Green I is a fluorescent probe used for staining double stranded DNA or oligonucleotides in agarose or polyacrylamide gels. Synonyms: N,N-dimethyl-N'-[4-[(E)-(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)methyl]-1-phenylquinolin-1-ium-2-yl]-N'-propylpropane-1,3-diamine; Nucleic acid gel stain. CAS No. 163795-75-3. Molecular formula: C32H37N4S. Mole weight: 509.73.
SYBR Green II
SYBR Green II is a fluorescent nucleic acid dye that mainly binds single-stranded nucleotides. SYBR Green II is sensitive to oligonucleotides or larger nucleic acid polymers in a variety of cells and gels. SYBR Green II can be used to study cell structure, membrane integrity or function, and cell cycle distribution. Wavelength 484/515 nm [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Fluorescent dye. CAS No. 195199-08-7. Pack Sizes: 50 μL. Product ID: HY-D1098.
Sydowinin B
Sydowinin B is a xanthone polyketide originally isolated from A. sydowii and has immunosuppressant activity. It inhibits LPS- or concanavalin A-induced proliferation of isolated mouse splenic lymphocytes (IC50s = 19.2 and 20.8 μg/ml, respectively). Synonyms: MS-347b. Grades: >95% by HPLC. CAS No. 58450-00-3. Molecular formula: C16H12O7. Mole weight: 316.26.
SYHA1813
SYHA1813 is a dual inhibitor of CSF1R and VEGFR. SYHA1813 has potent antitumor activity against GBM [1]. Uses: Scientific research. Group: Signaling pathways. CAS No. 1807466-30-3. Pack Sizes: 10 mM * 1 mL; 5 mg; 10 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg. Product ID: HY-161025.
Syk Inhibitor II
Syk inhibitor II is a cell-permeable, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Syk (IC50 = 41 nM). It also exhibits less potent inhibitory effects against PKCε, PKCβII, ZAP-70, Btk, and Itk (IC50s = 5.1, 11, 11.2, 15.5, and 22.6 μM, respectively). Synonyms: Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor II; 2- ( (2-Aminoethyl) amino) -4- ( (3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) amino) pyrimidine-5-carboxamide. Grades: ≥98%. CAS No. 726695-51-8. Molecular formula: C14H15F3N6O. Mole weight: 340.3.
Syk Inhibitor II hydrochloride
Syk inhibitor II is a cell-permeable, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Syk (IC50 = 41 nM). It also exhibits less potent inhibitory effects against PKCε, PKCβII, ZAP-70, Btk, and Itk (IC50s = 5.1, 11, 11.2, 15.5, and 22.6 μM, respectively). Synonyms: Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor II; Syk Inhibitor II 2HCl; Syk Inhibitor II dihydrochloride; 2-(2-aminoethylamino)-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide dihydrochloride. Grades: ≥98%. CAS No. 227449-73-2. Molecular formula: C14H15F3N6O·2HCl. Mole weight: 413.2.
A cell-permeable, orally bioavailable pyrimidinediamino compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Acts as a potent, reversible and ATP-competitive inhibitor of Syk kinase (IC50 = 41nM; Ki = 30nM). Exhibits high selectivity over a broad panel of other protein kinases (300nM), ion channels, and enzymes. Blocks Syk-dependent FcR-mediated activation of monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils and inhibits Anti-IgE-mediated degranulation in cultured human mast cells (EC50 = 56nM as measured by tryptase release). At higher concentrations, it is shown to block adenosine A3 receptors, adenosine transporter, and monoamine transporter (IC50 = 81nM, 1.84uM, and 2.74uM, respectively), and Flt3 autophosphorylation. Shown to reduce immune complex-mediated inflammation in murine models (10mg/kg) and diminish airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma models. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. CAS No. 841290-80-0. Pack Sizes: 5mg. US Biological Life Sciences.
Worldwide
Syk Inhibitor V ( (S) -2- (2- ( (3, 5-dimethylphenyl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) -N- (1-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -4-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor)
A cell-permeable, 4-thiazolyl-2-phenylaminopyrimidine compound that acts as a potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) (Ki=9nM). Exhibits excellent selectivity over Cdk2 (Ki=3.33uM), ROCK (Ki=2.3uM), Src (Ki=3.33uM), and ZAP70 (Ki=240nM). Shown to inhibit mast cell degranulation (IC50=70nM) that is commonly observed in asthma and other allergic diseases. Group: Biochemicals. Grades: Highly Purified. Pack Sizes: 2mg. Molecular Formula: C??H??N?O?S, Molecular Weight: 397.5. US Biological Life Sciences.